During 1991-1992, one of us (DRS) found the leaf galls in Bodega Bay, California on several lupines, Lupinus arhoreus Sims., L.chamissonis Eschs., and L. variicolor Steud.
Galls were much more abundant on L. arboreus than other species. The gall midge is multivoltine on L. arboreus, and galls can be found throughout the year. The galls appear to be more abundant in summer, when densities vary upwards to about 80% of leaflets, giving the leaf the appearance of a hand of bananas. Eggs are laid on unopened leaflets of developing buds, when the buds are less than 1 cm in length.