Narrowly conical galls on the flowering branches of a Solidago species in the triple-veined group, probably S. altissima. The galls occur among (and arise within?) capitula, and are somewhat pubescent. Tentatively assigned to Rhopalomyia based on overall resemblance to R. anthophila. Observed in Ohio in October.

Possibly the same thing as the galls in Figure 218c in Gagné (1989), although not a perfect match. He tentatively assigned these to Rhopalomyia as well. He identified the host plant as "S. canadensis", but used the wide sense of S. canadensis throughout his book, which includes S. altissima.

Alternatively, these may represent the "real" Rhopalomyia racemicola galls of Felt, rather than the late-season galls on Solidago fistulosa currently (tentatively) assigned to that species by Dorchin et al. (2009), and Gagné (1989).

These iNaturalist observations cannot be annotated with a gallformers code, but presumably belong here as well:
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/98224590
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/98228838