The immatures induce galls consisting of a roll along the leaf margins (Figs 297, 300, 302, 303) or of the folded apex of the leaf (Fig. 299). The fully developed galls form a closed tube (Fig. 304). Each gall shelters immatures of various stages, skins and globules of honeydew coated with a layer of wax (Figs 298, 301). The fifth instar immatures leave the gall for emergence and the skins can be found exposed on the leaf (Fig. 305). The galls dry and turn black after all the immatures have left (Fig. 297).