[Entry for Andricus fimbriatus, new species, a new wasp found on galls similar to Riley's Andricus glandulus.]

Host.--Quercus bicolor

Gall.--This fimbriate-cup gall on bicolor was well described by Riley in 1877 along with a similar one but protruding farther, from a smooth cup on Q. prinoides. Both have often been referred to in literature frequently under the names glandulus and glandulosus. The fly described as Andricus glandulus Beutenmueller, of which the author has a cotype, and associated with the above gall is a red species from an unknown gall. It belongs to the genus Callirhytis and is closely related to C. operatola — the agamic generation of C. operator (Osten Sacken).

The writer has field notes on a similar gall on nine other white oaks of the eastern United States where the recess in which the gall rests is not fimbriate and the gall protrudes half its length or more. See plate 3, figure 12, on prinus [montana] and figure 13 on macrocarpa. As he has not been able to rear any of these as yet it is not known whether any or all of these are caused by the above-described species or which if any is glandulus Beutenmueller.

Cynips Gall Quercus-glandulus

The new gall is more or less completely imbedded in the cup, and, on account of its resemblance to a diminutive acorn, I name it glandulus.

I have seen it on Q. prinoides and Q. bicolor.* The parent Cynips lays the egg very early in summer, as the gall is often formed on the aborted or blighted acorns, in which case, however, it seldom attains perfection. The ripe and well developed gall falls out of its cavity on to the ground, where the larva remains within it till the following spring. Those galls which remain within the cavity are generally imperfect. The fly producing this gall has not yet been reared nr described.

Cynips Gall Quercus-glandulus: — An elongate, pip-like body, averaging, when well developed, 5 mm. long, and not quite half as wide; sides sometimes parallel, but more often slightly bulging, more or less deeply corrugate longitudinally, and whitish-green; base truncate and covered with whitish down ; crown flattened or slightly concave, with a central, conical nipple; color yellowish, often with a roseate tint. Larva lying in a cell near the crown. Formed in a cavity, and causing more or less bulging and swelling of the cupule. The mouth of the cavity either strongly fimbriated, or simple, according to the nature of the cup scales, and thus either hiding the gall or exposing a large part of it. This gall is allied in structure to that described by Mr. Bassett as Quercus frondosa, which is a deformation of an oak bud. The axillary bud is made by the sting of the Cynips to prematurely develop a number of lanceolate or ovate leaves which surround one or more cells, which loosen from their leafy matrix when ripe and drop to the ground. An analogous deformation of an oak bud, caused by Cynips fecundatrix Hartig, is very common in Europe, and is known in England as the Artichoke-gall. The cell of this gall has been described as an aborted acorn by Mr. Albert Muller,f who has made a special study of galls. It is not surprising, therefore, that our glandulus gall should very generally be looked upon as a diminutive or secondary acorn. Yet such views are quite erroneus. The cells of very many other Cynipidous galls resemble acorns in form, and the resemblances to different fruits among these singular plant- and-insect productions is often so striking as to easily mislead.

• Dr. Engelmann has noticed it on Q Prinus [montana], Q. michauxii, and Q. muhlenbergii. It thus occurs on every form of the Prinus Group, to which it is apparently confined.

Callirhytis glandulus

Quercus prinoides
Acorn galls
Types captured ovipositing in young acorns in pine barrens of NJ in early May. Entered from lit.

[Photo caption (no photo)]
Types are from the pine barrens of NJ in early May on Q prinoides presumably ovipositing in young acorns and agreeing with one reared by Riley supposedly from a fimbriate cavity in the side of an acorn cup.

[Weld's Figures 63 and 73 are from his 1922 description of Andricus fimbriatus, referring to galls he believes are distinct from A fimbriatus [Andricus incertus] and have never been reared to confirm "which if any" are C glandulus]

Quercus alba
Acorn galls
Cell in side of acorn cup, dropping in Sept and has a circle of white hairs at base. Fig 63. Never reared.

Quercus breviloba
Acorn galls
Cell in side of acorn cup, dropping out in Sept. Like Fig 73. Never reared.

Quercus chapmani
Acorn galls
Gall in side of acorn cup, dropping when mature. Like Fig 73. Never reared.

Quercus lyrata
Acorn galls
Gall in side of acorn cup like Fig 63. Specimen on herbarium sheet of this oak from Mt Carmel IL in Chi Mus Nat Hist.

Quercus macrocarpa
Acorn galls
Cell drops out of depression in side of acorn cup. Fig 63. Never reared.

Quercus michauxii
Acorn galls
Cell in side of acorn as in Fig. 73.

Quercus muehlenbergii
Acorn galls
Cell in side of acorn cup as in Fig 36 [certainly a typo; should read 63]. Never reared.

Quercus prinoides
Acorn galls
Cell in side of acorn cup. Fig. 73. Never reared.

Quercus prinus [montana]
Acorn galls
Cell in side of acorn cup, dropping in Sept, has a circle of white hairs at the base. Fig 73. Never reared.

Quercus stellata
Acorn galls
Cell in side of acorn cup as in Fig 73.

[Photo caption]
Figure 63. Never reared. On Q prinus [montana]. Also on Q prinoides, michauxii, chapmani, muehlenbergii, alba, breviloba, durandii [sinuata]. A gall on Q stellata, ready to drop Sept 13 (MD) measured 6.1 by 3.2 with a girdle of wool at base and a slight nipple at apex. For rearing a bit of cloth should be tied about the acorn so the gall will not be lost when it matures and drops.

Figure 73. Never reared. On Q macrocarpa. Also on Q lyrata. Sept.

Andricus glandulus

Irregular, monothalamous, conical swellings of the cupule, length 5 mm, diameter 2 mm, on Q platanoides [bicolor], macrocarpa, prinoides, and prinus [montana]

Andricus glandulus sp. nov

Cynips quercus glandulus

Cynip glandulosus

Gall.--In the cups of acorns of swamp white oak (Quercus platanoides [bicolor]), burr oak (Q macrocarpa), dwarf chestnut oak (Q prinoides), chestnut oak (Q prinus [montana]) and probably other trees belonging to the white oak group. Monothalamous. The gall is formed in a cavity, causing more or less bulging and swelling of the acorn cup. It is an elongate body averaging when well developed 5 mm. long and not quite half as wide. The sides are sometimes parallel, but more often slightly bulging or sometimes longitudinally ribbed or smooth; whitish green, yellowish, often with a roseate tinge. The base is truncate and covered with a whitish down. The crown is flattened or slightly concave with a small central conical nipple. The mouth of the cavity in the acorn cup is either strongly fimbricated or simple, according to the nature of the cup scales, and thus either concealing the gall or exposing a large part of it. The larva lies in a cell near the top of the gall. Sometimes the galls deform the acorns.

Habitat: N. Y., Penn., N. J., IL., Ohio, Mo., Conn.

Many years ago the late C. V. Riley gave me a specimen of a gall-fly which he said he had raised from the oak-pip gall in the acorn cups. But the species was never described by him, except from the gall which he termed Cynip quercus glandulus. While collecting in the pine barrens at Lakehurst, N. J., very early in May, I took a number of female gall-flies on the twigs of the dwarf chestnut oak, presumably ovipositing in young acorns. My specimens agree in all particulars with the one given to me by him, and are described above together with his as being the producers of the oak-pip galls. The ripe and well developed gall falls out of its cavity to the ground, where the larva remains within it either to the following spring or the next year. Described from twelve females, three of which have the anterior parallel and lateral grooves black and narrowly edged on each side by the same color.