Phylloxera spinosa

Hosts: Carya glabra, texana

Globular and covered in short spines; crimson, white, white with crimson, or yellowish-green; occurring along midvein of leaf or petiole; opening slit-like or irregular.

Leaf gall, petiole gall. Globular

Range: AL, AR, GA, NC, OK, SC

Dactylosphaera spinosum, n. sp.
Gall No. 12.

Hosts: Carya amara [cordiformis]

Yellowish, pubescent, covered with spines, quite irregular; opening beneath elongate, sinuate. This gall, from its being spinose and irregular, is quite in contrast with all the others of the series.

Phylloxera caryaecaulis (Fitch)

Shimer (1869) described three other closely-related phylloxerid species producing somewhat different twig or petiole galls on other species of Carya, which may or may not be synonymous with P. caryaecaulis: P. spinosa, producing galls covered with fleshy spines on Carya sp, in Illinois.

Phylloxera caryaecaulis Fitch.

Pemphigus caryacaulis Fitch.
Dactylosphcera caryae-magnum Shimer.
Dactylosphcera spinosum Shimer.

Up to the present time these three forms of galls have been considered as quite distinct species on account of their dissimilarity, two of them being smooth and the other more or less profusely covered with fleshy spines. But a careful study of the architects of these forms forces the conclusion that they are identical, there being no tangible characters by which to separate them. The spiny form of gall always grows upon trees with pubescent leaves, such as Hicoria tomentosa, while the smooth forms are always found upon trees with smooth leaves, such as Hicoria glabra, amara and probably other species.

Ph. spinosa Shimer is evidently but a variety and more numerous than the typical form in localities where the pubescent-leaved species of Hickory prevail. It is often considerably larger than the typical form and is always more or less covered with short, fleshy spines. It closely resembles, also, c.-spinuloida, which, however, is still more densely covered with longer and more slender spines. The more striking differences are, however, noticeable in the migratory females, which in caryaecaulis have shorter and broader wings, different antennal characters, comparatively longer legs and the two oval orange or blackish spots at the end of the body.