Phylloxera caryaeglobuli

Hosts: Carya ovata

Leaf gall: globular [shape]

Globular above, much more convex above than below, light green or yellowish-green sometimes with a hint of red, often with several small openings near apex of gall, and occurs between leaf veins; below almost white and opening a pubescent transverse slit.

Range: AR, MD, MS, TX, VA, WV

Dactylosphaera hemisphericum, n. sp?
Gall No. 1

?Phylloxera caryae-globuli

Hosts: Carya alba [tomentosa]

This is a large, subhemispherical gall, situate in the parenchyma of the leaf, generally projecting above the plane of the latter. Structure somewhat thick, tough and dense, the average thickness of the walls being about .05 inch. Color pale whitish-green, much paler than the leaf, the upper surface frequently tinged with red and often quite purple-red. Size : diameter in the plane of the leaf, .25 to .5 inch; vertical diameter one-half.

These galls open beneath with a slit, the length of which is about one-third of the diameter of the gall; its direction is usually in, or somewhat oblique to, that of the veins of the leaf, and when oblique, more nearly parallel with the longitudinal axis of the leaf The lips of these slits arc pinched so tightly together as to project out and their margins are either smooth or slightly hairy. Sometimes a leaf contains but a single gall, others two or more. The galls may be scattered irregularly on the leaf, or placed in one or two rows along and near the mid-rib, and one or two dozen may be found in a single row, placed so closely together as to be contiguous.

On June 18th, the galls were in prime condition for examining the inhabitants; many were opening at the slit beneath and the winged imagos escaping in great numbers.

I am rather suspicious that this maybe the Phylloxera caryae-globuli of Walsh; but he says that the gall of his species is "spherical," and also that the size of the insect is ".07 to .08 inch in length ;" and that the abdomen is blackish. But unless described from living specimens, the color is of no value, as they all turn black after death.

Phylloxera caryaeglobuli Walsh

Galls according to original description are spherical, on leaf lamina between veins, opening in June to release alatae through a simple longitudinal slit on underside of leaf. On shagbark hickory (= Carya ovata) in Illinois and Missouri. Pergande (1904) recorded the available information, and suggested that P. hemispherica Shimer might be a synonym. The life cycle is unknown.

Phylloxera caryaeglobuli

Carya sp.
Conical or globose leaf galls with distinct orifice and containing aphids
Gall subglobose, walls fleshy, somewhat more prominent above than beneath, without a nipple, the orifice beneath an elongate slit, size one-half to one- third the extreme diameter of P. caryaecaulis.

Phylloxera caryae-globuli Walsh

Dactylosphaera hemisphericum Shimer

The galls of this species, as far as can be learned from the descriptions of Walsh and Shimer agree quite well with those of c.-scissa and I simply repeat here the original descriptions. That by Walsh is rather insufficient, somewhat scattered and mixed with other matter, from which it has been sifted.

Phylloxera caryae-globuli Walsh

"Galls spherical, generally located between the veins that branch from the midrib of the leaflets of the Shag-bark Hickory, and when ripe opens below by a simple, longitudinal slit. Never exceeding one-half or one-third the extreme diameter of caryae-caulis."

Dactylosphaera hemisphericum Shimer

Galls on the Shell-bark Hickory (C alba).

"Gall No. 1. — This is a large subhemispherical gall, situa-ted in the parenchyma of the leaf, generally projecting above the plane of the latter. Structure somewhat thick, tough and dense, the average thickness of the walls being about .05 inch. Color pale whitish-green, much paler than the leaf, the upper surface frequently tinged with red and often quite purple-red. Size: diameter in the plain of the leaf, one-fourth to one-half inch; vertical diameter one-half."

"These galls open beneath with a slit, the length of which is about one-third of the diameter of the gall ; its direction is usu- ally in, or somewhat oblique to, that of the veins of the leaf, and when oblique, more nearly parallel with the longitudal axis of the leaf. The lips of these slits are pinched so tightly together as to project out, and their margins are either smooth or slightly hairy. Sometimes a leaf contains but a single gall, others two or more. The galls may be scattered irregularly on the leaf, or placed in one or two rows along and near the midrib, and one or two dozen may be found in a single row, placed so closely together as to be contiguous."

"Upon opening one of these galls, I found the mother insect and her eggs, the latter in great abundance, one hundred or more studded all over the concave surface ; but very few eggs had then (June 7th) hatched. But on opening one of the largest galls, which seemed to be in a much more advanced state, I found the mother insect in the midst of a very numerous brood of newly- hatched larvae, and also many eggs still unhatched ; the new-born larvae were pale greeenish- white, while those more advanced," were of a deeper color and of all shades approaching to orange ; many were already in the pupa state, having short wing-cases. The mother insect moved in a stately manner among her numerous off- spring, apparently proud of her queenly position."

I am rather suspicious that this may be the Phylloxera caryae- globuli of Walsh; but he says that the gall of his species is " spherical " and also that the size of the insect is ".07 to .08 inch in length" and that the abdomen is blackish. But unless described from living specimens, the color is of no value, as they all turn black after death.